The impact of monetary policy on the main important macroeconomic variables in the Arab Republic of Egypt

The monetary policy strategy aims to achieve economic stability and growth by stabilizing prices. The research problem lies in high inflation rates, exchange rate fluctuations, lending interest rates, and changes in borrowing/deposit interest rates. This necessitates understanding the performance of monetary policy and its impact on real economic variables such as investment, economic growth, savings, and GDP. The research aimed to study the development of the most important macroeconomic variables during the period (1990-2004), namely: GDP, grain production, gross capital formation, the balance of payments on goods and services, gross value added, gross domestic savings, gross savings, exports of advanced technology, imports of goods, total labor force, consumer price index, value of agricultural production, value of agricultural income, total agricultural investments, national income, agricultural employment, cropped area, and value of exports. It also examined the relationship between the interest rate, lending rate, and exchange rate on the aforementioned macroeconomic variables during the study period (1990-2004). The following results were obtained: (1) The average lending interest rate was approximately With an annual growth rate of approximately 1.1%, the average lending/deposit interest rate reached approximately 11.3% with an annual growth rate of approximately 1.5%. The average official exchange rate reached approximately 10.8 in local currency per US dollar. (2) There is a statistically significant effect of the variables of agricultural production value in billions of pounds, total value added at the cost of production factors (at constant local currency prices), value of advanced technology exports (at current US dollar prices), lending interest rate (%), and official exchange rate (in local currency per US dollar) on GDP in billions of pounds, where the value of F reached approximately 40.3, and the coefficient of determination reached approximately 99.